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  <ul>
    <li><a href="#整型">整型</a>
      <ul>
        <li><a href="#特殊整型">特殊整型</a></li>
        <li><a href="#数字字面量语法number-literals-syntax">数字字面量语法(Number literals syntax)</a></li>
      </ul>
    </li>
    <li><a href="#浮点型">浮点型</a></li>
    <li><a href="#复数">复数</a></li>
    <li><a href="#布尔值">布尔值</a></li>
    <li><a href="#字符串">字符串</a>
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        <li><a href="#字符串转义符">字符串转义符</a></li>
        <li><a href="#多行字符串">多行字符串</a></li>
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      <ul>
        <li><a href="#修改字符串">修改字符串</a></li>
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    <article class="post">
        <header>
            <h1 class="post-title">Go语言基础之基本数据类型</h1>
        </header>
        <date class="post-meta meta-date">
            2021年9月3日
        </date>
        
        <div class="post-meta">
            <span>|</span>
            
            <span class="meta-category"><a href='/categories/go'>go</a></span>
            
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        <div class="post-meta">
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                    阅读</span></span>
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        <div class="post-content">
            <p>Go语言中有丰富的数据类型，除了基本的整型、浮点型、布尔型、字符串外，还有数组、切片、结构体、函数、map、通道(channel)等。Go 语言的基本类型和其他语言大同小异。</p>
<h1 id="基本数据类型">基本数据类型</h1>
<h2 id="整型">整型</h2>
<p>整型分为以下两个大类： 按长度分为：int8、int16、int32、int64 对应的无符号整型：uint8、uint16、uint32、uint64</p>
<p>其中，<code>uint8</code>就是我们熟知的<code>byte</code>型，<code>int16</code>对应C语言中的<code>short</code>型，<code>int64</code>对应C语言中的<code>long</code>型。</p>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th style="text-align:center">类型</th>
<th style="text-align:center">描述</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:center">uint8</td>
<td style="text-align:center">无符号 8位整型 (0 到 255)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:center">uint16</td>
<td style="text-align:center">无符号 16位整型 (0 到 65535)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:center">uint32</td>
<td style="text-align:center">无符号 32位整型 (0 到 4294967295)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:center">uint64</td>
<td style="text-align:center">无符号 64位整型 (0 到 18446744073709551615)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:center">int8</td>
<td style="text-align:center">有符号 8位整型 (-128 到 127)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:center">int16</td>
<td style="text-align:center">有符号 16位整型 (-32768 到 32767)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:center">int32</td>
<td style="text-align:center">有符号 32位整型 (-2147483648 到 2147483647)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:center">int64</td>
<td style="text-align:center">有符号 64位整型 (-9223372036854775808 到 9223372036854775807)</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<h3 id="特殊整型">特殊整型</h3>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th style="text-align:center">类型</th>
<th style="text-align:center">描述</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:center">uint</td>
<td style="text-align:center">32位操作系统上就是<code>uint32</code>，64位操作系统上就是<code>uint64</code></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:center">int</td>
<td style="text-align:center">32位操作系统上就是<code>int32</code>，64位操作系统上就是<code>int64</code></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:center">uintptr</td>
<td style="text-align:center">无符号整型，用于存放一个指针</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p><strong>注意：</strong> 在使用<code>int</code>和 <code>uint</code>类型时，不能假定它是32位或64位的整型，而是考虑<code>int</code>和<code>uint</code>可能在不同平台上的差异。</p>
<p><strong>注意事项</strong> 获取对象的长度的内建<code>len()</code>函数返回的长度可以根据不同平台的字节长度进行变化。实际使用中，切片或 map 的元素数量等都可以用<code>int</code>来表示。在涉及到二进制传输、读写文件的结构描述时，为了保持文件的结构不会受到不同编译目标平台字节长度的影响，不要使用<code>int</code>和 <code>uint</code>。</p>
<h3 id="数字字面量语法number-literals-syntax">数字字面量语法(Number literals syntax)</h3>
<p>Go1.13版本之后引入了数字字面量语法，这样便于开发者以二进制、八进制或十六进制浮点数的格式定义数字，例如：</p>
<p><code>v := 0b00101101</code>， 代表二进制的 101101，相当于十进制的 45。 <code>v := 0o377</code>，代表八进制的 377，相当于十进制的 255。 <code>v := 0x1p-2</code>，代表十六进制的 1 除以 2²，也就是 0.25。</p>
<p>而且还允许我们用 <code>_</code> 来分隔数字，比如说： <code>v := 123_456</code> 表示 v 的值等于 123456。</p>
<p>我们可以借助fmt函数来将一个整数以不同进制形式展示。</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#272822;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4"><code class="language-go" data-lang="go"><span style="color:#f92672">package</span> <span style="color:#a6e22e">main</span>
 
<span style="color:#f92672">import</span> <span style="color:#e6db74">&#34;fmt&#34;</span>
 
<span style="color:#66d9ef">func</span> <span style="color:#a6e22e">main</span>(){
	<span style="color:#75715e">// 十进制
</span><span style="color:#75715e"></span>	<span style="color:#66d9ef">var</span> <span style="color:#a6e22e">a</span> <span style="color:#66d9ef">int</span> = <span style="color:#ae81ff">10</span>
	<span style="color:#a6e22e">fmt</span>.<span style="color:#a6e22e">Printf</span>(<span style="color:#e6db74">&#34;%d \n&#34;</span>, <span style="color:#a6e22e">a</span>)  <span style="color:#75715e">// 10
</span><span style="color:#75715e"></span>	<span style="color:#a6e22e">fmt</span>.<span style="color:#a6e22e">Printf</span>(<span style="color:#e6db74">&#34;%b \n&#34;</span>, <span style="color:#a6e22e">a</span>)  <span style="color:#75715e">// 1010  占位符%b表示二进制
</span><span style="color:#75715e"></span> 
	<span style="color:#75715e">// 八进制  以0开头
</span><span style="color:#75715e"></span>	<span style="color:#66d9ef">var</span> <span style="color:#a6e22e">b</span> <span style="color:#66d9ef">int</span> = <span style="color:#ae81ff">077</span>
	<span style="color:#a6e22e">fmt</span>.<span style="color:#a6e22e">Printf</span>(<span style="color:#e6db74">&#34;%o \n&#34;</span>, <span style="color:#a6e22e">b</span>)  <span style="color:#75715e">// 77
</span><span style="color:#75715e"></span> 
	<span style="color:#75715e">// 十六进制  以0x开头
</span><span style="color:#75715e"></span>	<span style="color:#66d9ef">var</span> <span style="color:#a6e22e">c</span> <span style="color:#66d9ef">int</span> = <span style="color:#ae81ff">0xff</span>
	<span style="color:#a6e22e">fmt</span>.<span style="color:#a6e22e">Printf</span>(<span style="color:#e6db74">&#34;%x \n&#34;</span>, <span style="color:#a6e22e">c</span>)  <span style="color:#75715e">// ff
</span><span style="color:#75715e"></span>	<span style="color:#a6e22e">fmt</span>.<span style="color:#a6e22e">Printf</span>(<span style="color:#e6db74">&#34;%X \n&#34;</span>, <span style="color:#a6e22e">c</span>)  <span style="color:#75715e">// FF
</span><span style="color:#75715e"></span>}
</code></pre></div><h2 id="浮点型">浮点型</h2>
<p>Go语言支持两种浮点型数：<code>float32</code>和<code>float64</code>。这两种浮点型数据格式遵循<code>IEEE 754</code>标准： <code>float32</code> 的浮点数的最大范围约为 <code>3.4e38</code>，可以使用常量定义：<code>math.MaxFloat32</code>。 <code>float64</code> 的浮点数的最大范围约为 <code>1.8e308</code>，可以使用一个常量定义：<code>math.MaxFloat64</code>。</p>
<p>打印浮点数时，可以使用<code>fmt</code>包配合动词<code>%f</code>，代码如下：</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#272822;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4"><code class="language-go" data-lang="go"><span style="color:#f92672">package</span> <span style="color:#a6e22e">main</span>
<span style="color:#f92672">import</span> (
        <span style="color:#e6db74">&#34;fmt&#34;</span>
        <span style="color:#e6db74">&#34;math&#34;</span>
)
<span style="color:#66d9ef">func</span> <span style="color:#a6e22e">main</span>() {
        <span style="color:#a6e22e">fmt</span>.<span style="color:#a6e22e">Printf</span>(<span style="color:#e6db74">&#34;%f\n&#34;</span>, <span style="color:#a6e22e">math</span>.<span style="color:#a6e22e">Pi</span>)
        <span style="color:#a6e22e">fmt</span>.<span style="color:#a6e22e">Printf</span>(<span style="color:#e6db74">&#34;%.2f\n&#34;</span>, <span style="color:#a6e22e">math</span>.<span style="color:#a6e22e">Pi</span>)
}
</code></pre></div><h2 id="复数">复数</h2>
<p>complex64和complex128</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#272822;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4"><code class="language-go" data-lang="go"><span style="color:#66d9ef">var</span> <span style="color:#a6e22e">c1</span> <span style="color:#66d9ef">complex64</span>
<span style="color:#a6e22e">c1</span> = <span style="color:#ae81ff">1</span> <span style="color:#f92672">+</span> <span style="color:#ae81ff">2i</span>
<span style="color:#66d9ef">var</span> <span style="color:#a6e22e">c2</span> <span style="color:#66d9ef">complex128</span>
<span style="color:#a6e22e">c2</span> = <span style="color:#ae81ff">2</span> <span style="color:#f92672">+</span> <span style="color:#ae81ff">3i</span>
<span style="color:#a6e22e">fmt</span>.<span style="color:#a6e22e">Println</span>(<span style="color:#a6e22e">c1</span>)
<span style="color:#a6e22e">fmt</span>.<span style="color:#a6e22e">Println</span>(<span style="color:#a6e22e">c2</span>)
</code></pre></div><p>复数有实部和虚部，complex64的实部和虚部为32位，complex128的实部和虚部为64位。</p>
<h2 id="布尔值">布尔值</h2>
<p>Go语言中以<code>bool</code>类型进行声明布尔型数据，布尔型数据只有<code>true(真)</code>和<code>false(假)</code>两个值。</p>
<p><strong>注意：</strong></p>
<ol>
<li>布尔类型变量的默认值为<code>false</code>。</li>
<li>Go 语言中不允许将整型强制转换为布尔型.</li>
<li>布尔型无法参与数值运算，也无法与其他类型进行转换。</li>
</ol>
<h2 id="字符串">字符串</h2>
<p>Go语言中的字符串以原生数据类型出现，使用字符串就像使用其他原生数据类型(int、bool、float32、float64 等)一样。 Go 语言里的字符串的内部实现使用<code>UTF-8</code>编码。 字符串的值为<code>双引号(&quot;)</code>中的内容，可以在Go语言的源码中直接添加非ASCII码字符，例如：</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#272822;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4"><code class="language-go" data-lang="go"><span style="color:#a6e22e">s1</span> <span style="color:#f92672">:=</span> <span style="color:#e6db74">&#34;hello&#34;</span>
<span style="color:#a6e22e">s2</span> <span style="color:#f92672">:=</span> <span style="color:#e6db74">&#34;你好&#34;</span>
</code></pre></div><h3 id="字符串转义符">字符串转义符</h3>
<p>Go 语言的字符串常见转义符包含回车、换行、单双引号、制表符等，如下表所示。</p>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th style="text-align:center">转义符</th>
<th style="text-align:center">含义</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:center"><code>\r</code></td>
<td style="text-align:center">回车符(返回行首)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:center"><code>\n</code></td>
<td style="text-align:center">换行符(直接跳到下一行的同列位置)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:center"><code>\t</code></td>
<td style="text-align:center">制表符</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:center"><code>\'</code></td>
<td style="text-align:center">单引号</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:center"><code>\&quot;</code></td>
<td style="text-align:center">双引号</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:center"><code>\\</code></td>
<td style="text-align:center">反斜杠</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>举个例子，我们要打印一个Windows平台下的一个文件路径：</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#272822;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4"><code class="language-go" data-lang="go"><span style="color:#f92672">package</span> <span style="color:#a6e22e">main</span>
<span style="color:#f92672">import</span> (
    <span style="color:#e6db74">&#34;fmt&#34;</span>
)
<span style="color:#66d9ef">func</span> <span style="color:#a6e22e">main</span>() {
    <span style="color:#a6e22e">fmt</span>.<span style="color:#a6e22e">Println</span>(<span style="color:#e6db74">&#34;str := \&#34;c:\\Code\\lesson1\\go.exe\&#34;&#34;</span>)
}
</code></pre></div><h3 id="多行字符串">多行字符串</h3>
<p>Go语言中要定义一个多行字符串时，就必须使用<code>反引号</code>字符：</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#272822;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4"><code class="language-go" data-lang="go"><span style="color:#a6e22e">s1</span> <span style="color:#f92672">:=</span> <span style="color:#e6db74">`第一行
</span><span style="color:#e6db74">第二行
</span><span style="color:#e6db74">第三行
</span><span style="color:#e6db74">`</span>
<span style="color:#a6e22e">fmt</span>.<span style="color:#a6e22e">Println</span>(<span style="color:#a6e22e">s1</span>)
</code></pre></div><p>反引号间换行将被作为字符串中的换行，但是所有的转义字符均无效，文本将会原样输出。</p>
<h3 id="字符串的常用操作">字符串的常用操作</h3>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th style="text-align:center">方法</th>
<th style="text-align:center">介绍</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:center">len(str)</td>
<td style="text-align:center">求长度</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:center">+或fmt.Sprintf</td>
<td style="text-align:center">拼接字符串</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:center">strings.Split</td>
<td style="text-align:center">分割</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:center">strings.contains</td>
<td style="text-align:center">判断是否包含</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:center">strings.HasPrefix,strings.HasSuffix</td>
<td style="text-align:center">前缀/后缀判断</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:center">strings.Index(),strings.LastIndex()</td>
<td style="text-align:center">子串出现的位置</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:center">strings.Join(a[]string, sep string)</td>
<td style="text-align:center">join操作</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<h2 id="byte和rune类型">byte和rune类型</h2>
<p>组成每个字符串的元素叫做“字符”，可以通过遍历或者单个获取字符串元素获得字符。 字符用单引号(’)包裹起来，如：</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#272822;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4"><code class="language-go" data-lang="go"><span style="color:#66d9ef">var</span> <span style="color:#a6e22e">a</span> <span style="color:#f92672">:=</span> <span style="color:#e6db74">&#39;中&#39;</span>
<span style="color:#66d9ef">var</span> <span style="color:#a6e22e">b</span> <span style="color:#f92672">:=</span> <span style="color:#e6db74">&#39;x&#39;</span>
</code></pre></div><p>Go 语言的字符有以下两种：</p>
<ol>
<li><code>uint8</code>类型，或者叫 byte 型，代表了<code>ASCII码</code>的一个字符。</li>
<li><code>rune</code>类型，代表一个 <code>UTF-8字符</code>。</li>
</ol>
<p>当需要处理中文、日文或者其他复合字符时，则需要用到<code>rune</code>类型。<code>rune</code>类型实际是一个<code>int32</code>。</p>
<p>Go 使用了特殊的 rune 类型来处理 Unicode，让基于 Unicode 的文本处理更为方便，也可以使用 byte 型进行默认字符串处理，性能和扩展性都有照顾。</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#272822;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4"><code class="language-go" data-lang="go"><span style="color:#75715e">// 遍历字符串
</span><span style="color:#75715e"></span><span style="color:#66d9ef">func</span> <span style="color:#a6e22e">traversalString</span>() {
	<span style="color:#a6e22e">s</span> <span style="color:#f92672">:=</span> <span style="color:#e6db74">&#34;hello沙河&#34;</span>
	<span style="color:#66d9ef">for</span> <span style="color:#a6e22e">i</span> <span style="color:#f92672">:=</span> <span style="color:#ae81ff">0</span>; <span style="color:#a6e22e">i</span> &lt; len(<span style="color:#a6e22e">s</span>); <span style="color:#a6e22e">i</span><span style="color:#f92672">++</span> { <span style="color:#75715e">//byte
</span><span style="color:#75715e"></span>		<span style="color:#a6e22e">fmt</span>.<span style="color:#a6e22e">Printf</span>(<span style="color:#e6db74">&#34;%v(%c) &#34;</span>, <span style="color:#a6e22e">s</span>[<span style="color:#a6e22e">i</span>], <span style="color:#a6e22e">s</span>[<span style="color:#a6e22e">i</span>])
	}
	<span style="color:#a6e22e">fmt</span>.<span style="color:#a6e22e">Println</span>()
	<span style="color:#66d9ef">for</span> <span style="color:#a6e22e">_</span>, <span style="color:#a6e22e">r</span> <span style="color:#f92672">:=</span> <span style="color:#66d9ef">range</span> <span style="color:#a6e22e">s</span> { <span style="color:#75715e">//rune
</span><span style="color:#75715e"></span>		<span style="color:#a6e22e">fmt</span>.<span style="color:#a6e22e">Printf</span>(<span style="color:#e6db74">&#34;%v(%c) &#34;</span>, <span style="color:#a6e22e">r</span>, <span style="color:#a6e22e">r</span>)
	}
	<span style="color:#a6e22e">fmt</span>.<span style="color:#a6e22e">Println</span>()
}
</code></pre></div><p>输出：</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#272822;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4"><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash">104<span style="color:#f92672">(</span>h<span style="color:#f92672">)</span> 101<span style="color:#f92672">(</span>e<span style="color:#f92672">)</span> 108<span style="color:#f92672">(</span>l<span style="color:#f92672">)</span> 108<span style="color:#f92672">(</span>l<span style="color:#f92672">)</span> 111<span style="color:#f92672">(</span>o<span style="color:#f92672">)</span> 230<span style="color:#f92672">(</span>æ<span style="color:#f92672">)</span> 178<span style="color:#f92672">(</span>²<span style="color:#f92672">)</span> 153<span style="color:#f92672">()</span> 230<span style="color:#f92672">(</span>æ<span style="color:#f92672">)</span> 178<span style="color:#f92672">(</span>²<span style="color:#f92672">)</span> 179<span style="color:#f92672">(</span>³<span style="color:#f92672">)</span> 
104<span style="color:#f92672">(</span>h<span style="color:#f92672">)</span> 101<span style="color:#f92672">(</span>e<span style="color:#f92672">)</span> 108<span style="color:#f92672">(</span>l<span style="color:#f92672">)</span> 108<span style="color:#f92672">(</span>l<span style="color:#f92672">)</span> 111<span style="color:#f92672">(</span>o<span style="color:#f92672">)</span> 27801<span style="color:#f92672">(</span>沙<span style="color:#f92672">)</span> 27827<span style="color:#f92672">(</span>河<span style="color:#f92672">)</span> 
</code></pre></div><p>因为UTF8编码下一个中文汉字由3~4个字节组成，所以我们不能简单的按照字节去遍历一个包含中文的字符串，否则就会出现上面输出中第一行的结果。</p>
<p>字符串底层是一个byte数组，所以可以和<code>[]byte</code>类型相互转换。字符串是不能修改的 字符串是由byte字节组成，所以字符串的长度是byte字节的长度。 rune类型用来表示utf8字符，一个rune字符由一个或多个byte组成。</p>
<h3 id="修改字符串">修改字符串</h3>
<p>要修改字符串，需要先将其转换成<code>[]rune</code>或<code>[]byte</code>，完成后再转换为<code>string</code>。无论哪种转换，都会重新分配内存，并复制字节数组。</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#272822;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4"><code class="language-go" data-lang="go"><span style="color:#66d9ef">func</span> <span style="color:#a6e22e">changeString</span>() {
	<span style="color:#a6e22e">s1</span> <span style="color:#f92672">:=</span> <span style="color:#e6db74">&#34;big&#34;</span>
	<span style="color:#75715e">// 强制类型转换
</span><span style="color:#75715e"></span>	<span style="color:#a6e22e">byteS1</span> <span style="color:#f92672">:=</span> []byte(<span style="color:#a6e22e">s1</span>)
	<span style="color:#a6e22e">byteS1</span>[<span style="color:#ae81ff">0</span>] = <span style="color:#e6db74">&#39;p&#39;</span>
	<span style="color:#a6e22e">fmt</span>.<span style="color:#a6e22e">Println</span>(string(<span style="color:#a6e22e">byteS1</span>))

	<span style="color:#a6e22e">s2</span> <span style="color:#f92672">:=</span> <span style="color:#e6db74">&#34;白萝卜&#34;</span>
	<span style="color:#a6e22e">runeS2</span> <span style="color:#f92672">:=</span> []rune(<span style="color:#a6e22e">s2</span>)
	<span style="color:#a6e22e">runeS2</span>[<span style="color:#ae81ff">0</span>] = <span style="color:#e6db74">&#39;红&#39;</span>
	<span style="color:#a6e22e">fmt</span>.<span style="color:#a6e22e">Println</span>(string(<span style="color:#a6e22e">runeS2</span>))
}
</code></pre></div><h2 id="类型转换">类型转换</h2>
<p>Go语言中只有强制类型转换，没有隐式类型转换。该语法只能在两个类型之间支持相互转换的时候使用。</p>
<p>强制类型转换的基本语法如下：</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#272822;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4"><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash">T<span style="color:#f92672">(</span>表达式<span style="color:#f92672">)</span>
</code></pre></div><p>其中，T表示要转换的类型。表达式包括变量、复杂算子和函数返回值等.</p>
<p>比如计算直角三角形的斜边长时使用math包的Sqrt()函数，该函数接收的是float64类型的参数，而变量a和b都是int类型的，这个时候就需要将a和b强制类型转换为float64类型。</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#272822;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4"><code class="language-go" data-lang="go"><span style="color:#66d9ef">func</span> <span style="color:#a6e22e">sqrtDemo</span>() {
	<span style="color:#66d9ef">var</span> <span style="color:#a6e22e">a</span>, <span style="color:#a6e22e">b</span> = <span style="color:#ae81ff">3</span>, <span style="color:#ae81ff">4</span>
	<span style="color:#66d9ef">var</span> <span style="color:#a6e22e">c</span> <span style="color:#66d9ef">int</span>
	<span style="color:#75715e">// math.Sqrt()接收的参数是float64类型，需要强制转换
</span><span style="color:#75715e"></span>	<span style="color:#a6e22e">c</span> = int(<span style="color:#a6e22e">math</span>.<span style="color:#a6e22e">Sqrt</span>(float64(<span style="color:#a6e22e">a</span><span style="color:#f92672">*</span><span style="color:#a6e22e">a</span> <span style="color:#f92672">+</span> <span style="color:#a6e22e">b</span><span style="color:#f92672">*</span><span style="color:#a6e22e">b</span>)))
	<span style="color:#a6e22e">fmt</span>.<span style="color:#a6e22e">Println</span>(<span style="color:#a6e22e">c</span>)
}
</code></pre></div><h1 id="练习题">练习题</h1>
<ol>
<li>编写代码分别定义一个整型、浮点型、布尔型、字符串型变量，使用<code>fmt.Printf()</code>搭配<code>%T</code>分别打印出上述变量的值和类型。</li>
<li>编写代码统计出字符串<code>&quot;hello沙河小王子&quot;</code>中汉字的数量。</li>
</ol>

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<div class="post-archive">
    <h2>See Also</h2>
    <ul class="listing">
        
        <li><a href="/post/go_package/strconv/">Go-strconv</a></li>
        
        <li><a href="/post/go_package/time/">Go-time</a></li>
        
        <li><a href="/post/go_basic/go%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80%E5%9F%BA%E7%A1%80%E4%B9%8Bmap/">Go语言基础之map</a></li>
        
        <li><a href="/post/go_basic/go%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80%E5%9F%BA%E7%A1%80%E4%B9%8B%E5%87%BD%E6%95%B0/">Go语言基础之函数</a></li>
        
        <li><a href="/post/go_basic/go%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80%E5%9F%BA%E7%A1%80%E4%B9%8B%E5%88%87%E7%89%87/">Go语言基础之切片</a></li>
        
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